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Which are the top 5 excellent features of HTML 5?

Video: HTML 5 allows the web designer to insert a video on a webpage. This is as easy as inserting an image. The video can be manipulated. The video controls are also built in. For embedding the video the designer need not depend on codes generated by third party.

Canvas: The HTML code facilitates the designer with a region to draw. This region is called canvas and has an element of width and height. HTML 5 offers a new function of graphics that can be dynamically generated. With the help of this code you can compose photos, draw graphics and do animation (both simple as well as complicated). One of the best features is that for this no external plug-in is necessary.

Geographical Location: Your location can be shared with other web sites through geo-location API. Your location details can be made available to the web page JavaScript. The Global Positioning System (GPS) as well as network signals like Bluetooth, Wifi, and IP address are sources of information pertaining to location. This facility is subject to the permission of the web site owner.

Application Cache: This facility has a dual effect. One can store the web application such as emails. These web applications are accessible without internet connection. This feature has been implemented in Google Gears. Google Gears assist in accessing the Gmail offline.

Hyper-Threading: HTML codes facilitate the web site designer with a feature known as Hyper-Threading especially for website browsers. The feature facilitates processing through different background threads. The webpage performance is not affected by this feature; on the contrary this feature quickens downloading. Applications depending on heavy scripts, that take a longer time to download, can make the best use of this feature.

The above mentioned features meet most of the demands of the modern day web designer and developer. None the less there are some pitfalls too, especially with reference to compatibility. Some browsers like IE are not fully compatible with HTML 5. HTML 5 is still in the development stage. Some specific features of HTML 5 have not been fully developed.

It is obvious that the beneficial features of HTML 5 overweight its loopholes by a big margin. It is always better to consult a professional website designer and developer to make the best of HTML 5 and embed its features in your website.

Copyright 2010

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Article by Clemente Oliver

Style sheet is a progressive breakthrough for the advancement of web. Today, more and more browsers are implementing style sheets, opening authors’ eyes to unique features that allow influence over presentation while preserving platform independence. The advantages of style sheets have become – apparent — and the disadvantage of continually creating more HTML tags — galore — for presentation effects with the gradual development of CSS.

Let’s understand CSS in the right perspective.

Style sheets in retrospect

Style sheets have been around in one form or another since the beginnings of HTML in the early 1990s .

As the HTML language grew, however, it came to encompass a wider variety of stylistic capabilities to meet the demands of web developers . With such capabilities, style sheets became less important, and an external language for the purposes of defining style attributes was not widely accepted until the development of CSS.

Teething problems with implementation of CSS

Many implementations of CSS are fraught with inconsistencies, bugs and other quirks . Authors have commonly had to use hacks and workarounds in order to obtain consistent results across web browsers and platforms .

One of the most well-known CSS bugs is the Internet Explorer box model bug; box widths are interpreted incorrectly in several versions of the browser, resulting in blocks which appear as expected in most browsers, but are too narrow when viewed in Internet Explorer. The bug can be avoided, but not without some cost in terms of functionality.

This is just one of hundreds of CSS bugs that have been documented in various versions of Internet Explorer, Netscape, Mozilla, and Opera many of which reduce the legibility of documents. The proliferation of such bugs in CSS implementations has made it difficult for designers to achieve a consistent appearance across platforms.

Currently there is strong competition between Mozilla’s Gecko layout engine, Opera’s Presto layout engine , and the KHTML engine used in both Apple’s Safari and the Linux Konqueror browsers – each of them is leading in different aspects of CSS. Internet Explorer remains the worst at rendering CSS by standards set down by World Wide Web Consortium as of 2005 .

Some breakthroughs …

These problems have preisely led the W3C to revise the CSS2 standard into CSS2.1, which may be regarded as something of a working snapshot of current CSS support. CSS2 properties which no browser had successfully implemented were dropped, and in a few cases, defined behaviours were changed to bring the standard into line with the predominant existing implementations..

What makes style sheets significant enough?

et representsStyle she an enormous step forward for the Web. With the separation of content and presentation between HTML and style sheets, the Web no longer needs to drift away from the strong ideal of platform independence that provided the medium with its initial push of popularity. Authors can finally influence the presentation of documents without leaving pages unreadable to users

A style sheet is made up of style rules that tell a browser how to present a document. There are various ways of linking these style rules to your HTML documents, but the simplest method for starting out is to use HTML’s STYLE element. This element is placed in the document HEAD, and it contains the style rules for the page.

Functionality and Usage of CSS

CSS is well-designed to allow the separation of presentation and structure. Prior to CSS, nearly all of the presentational attributes of an HTML document were contained within the HTML code; all font colors, background styles, element alignments, borders and sizes had to be explicitly described, often repeatedly, in the midst of the HTML code.

CSS allows authors to move much of that information to a stylesheet, resulting in considerably simpler HTML code. The HTML documents become much smaller and web browsers will usually cache sites’ CSS stylesheets. This leads to a reduction in network traffic and noticeably quicker page downloads.

For example, the HTML element h2 specifies that the text contained within it is a level two heading. It has a lower level of importance than h1 headings, but a higher level of importance than h3 headings. This aspect of the h2 element is structural .

Customarily, headings are rendered in decreasing order of size, with h1 as the largest, because larger headings are usually interpreted to have greater importance than smaller ones. Headings are also typically rendered in a bold font in order to give them additional emphasis. The h2 element may be rendered in bold face, and in a font larger than h3 but smaller than h1 . This aspect of the h2 element is presentational .

Prior to CSS, document authors who wanted to assign a specific color, font, size, or other characteristic to all h2 headings had to use the HTML font element for each occurrence of that heading type.

Moreover, CSS can be used with XML, to allow such structured documents to be rendered with full stylistic control over layout, typography, color, and so forth in any suitable user agent or web browser.

CSS has its share of inconsistencies as well

CSS may at times be misused, particularly by the author of web documents. Some developers who are accustomed to designing documents strictly in HTML may overlook or ignore the enabling features of CSS. For instance, a document author who is comfortable with HTML markup that mixes presentation with structure may opt to use strictly embedded CSS styles in all documents. While this may be an improvement over using deprecated HTML presentational markup, it suffers from some of the same problems that mixed-markup HTML does; specifically, it entails a similar amount of document maintenance.

Discrepancies compared: CSS vs programming languages

CSS also shares some pitfalls common with programming languages. In particular, the problem of choosing appropriate names for CSS classes and identifiers may afflict CSS authors. In the attempt to choose descriptive names for CSS classes, authors might associate the class name with desired presentational attributes; for example, a CSS class to be applied to emphasized text might be named “bigred,” implying that it is rendered in a large red font.

While such a choice of naming may be intuitive to the document author, it can cause problems if the author later decides that the emphasized text should instead be green; the author is left with a CSS class called “bigred” that describes something that is green. In this instance, a more appropriate class name might have been “emphasized,” to better describe the purpose or intent of the class, rather than the appearance of elements of that class.

In a programming language, such a misuse might be analogous to using a variable name “five” for a variable which contains the value 5; however, if the value of the variable changes to 7, the name is no longer appropriate.

CSS in a nutshell

CSS is used by both the authors and readers of web pages to define colors, fonts, layout and other aspects of document presentation. It is designed primarily to enable the separation of document structure (written in HTML or a similar markup language) from document presentation (written in CSS).

This separation provides a number of benefits, including improved content accessibility, greater flexibility and control in the specification of presentational characteristics, and reduced complexity of the structural content. CSS is also capable of controlling the document’s style separately in alternative rendering methods, such as on-screen in print, by voice (when read out by a speech-based browser or screen reader) and on braille-based, tactile devices.

CSS allows complete and total control over the style of a hypertext document. The only way this can be illustrated in a way that gets people excited is by demonstrating what it can truly be, once the reins are placed in the hands of those able to create beauty from structure.

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Article by Jonathan

Since the beginning of SGML in the early 70s, style sheets have existed in one form or another. W3C in early 90s introduced nine (9) different style sheets in order to improve the presentation of web pages but out of the nine, two (i.e CHSS and SSP) became the foundation of Cascading Style Sheet.CSS is an acronym for Cascading Style Sheet. It was developed in October 10, 1994 by Hakon Wium Lie and Bert Bus.CSS is a special purpose style sheet language that was created with the aim of creating a distance line between the content of the document (i.e the one written in a mark up language) and the presentation of the document.In modern web design culture, the use of style sheet languages such as CSS has become a popular tool and trend for web designers. The use of CSS started when the need for functional web designs, both effective and efficient, were in great demand and the use of table weren’t as effective and as efficient as anyone have thoughtAs HTML grew, it came to encompass a wider variety of stylistic capabilities to meet the demands for web developers. CSS in this case allows a document style to be influenced by multiple style sheets. One style sheet could inherit or cascade from another, permitting a mixture of stylistic preferences controlled equally by the site designer and user.CSS has various levels and profiles. Each level of CSS builds upon the last typically adding new features and typically denoted as CSS1, CSS2 and CSS3. These levels of CSS were recommended by W3C based on its capabilities. For instance, CSS1 support font property, text attributes, alignment of text, images, table and other element, margin, border, padding, unique identification and generic classification of groups of attributes. CSS2 supports also a number of capabilities like absolute relative and fixed positioning of element and z-index. CSS3 is divided into several separate documents called “modules”. Due to the modularization, different modules have different stability and are in different status.One reason why CSS was created was to separate HTML content from its structure; so that a designer could effectively have just one file controlling the appearance of the whole website and this helps save time and also enhance easy maintenance of the site. For further clarity, take a look at this example; if a designer wishes to change the background or reduce/increase the sizes of all the links in his website, instead of going through every HTML page and changing all the tags, he could just go to the style sheet file he has created (e.g like say wrapper.css) and change the background or change whatever he wantsSeveral advantages has been cited as to why CSS became accepted in the growing industry of web design. Since the purpose of developing CSS was to separate the content of a web document (written in markup) from its presentation (written in CSS), user stands to benefit the following;

Advantages FASTER TO DOWNLOAD:- CSS web pages are much faster to download than pages that contain tables. The reason is that browsers may have to scan the tables twice before displaying the appropriate results. As a result, CSS related web design may be a definite advantage for business sites. Therefore, the user may not have to wait for a long time for the site to load. CSS is search engine friendly because the web design technique used easily allows search engine crawlers to scan the whole web site. Therefore, the links on your site may be spotted much quicker

 BANDWIDTH – A stylesheet will usually be stored in the browser cache, and can therefore be used on multiple pages without being reloaded, increasing download speeds and reducing data transfer over a network. Smaller file size makes it easier for Search Engine Spiders to crawl through your website, in that case making CSS best for Search Engine Optimization(SEO) The explanation above clearly summarizes that CSS consumes lesser bandwidth

 REFORMATTING OR PROGRESSIVE ENHANCEMENT – With a simple change of one line, a different stylesheet can be used for the same page. This has advantages for accessibility, as well as providing the ability to tailor a page or site to different target devices. Furthermore, devices not able to understand the styling will still display the content. For instance, if you have several navigation bars to create, instead of creating a file that will house each navigation bar’s propetrties, you create a single CSS for the whole navigation bars. So that once you click on the file CSS created, it applys automatically to the navigation bar or any other div you have created and you want to change its properties.

 FLEXIBILITY – In this case, CSS gives better flexibility and also a level of control over various presentation characteristics of the document), By combining CSS with the functionality of a Content Management System, a considerable amount of flexibility can be programmed into content submission forms. This allows a contributor, who may not be familiar or able to understand or edit CSS or HTML code to select the layout of an article or other page they are submitting on-the-fly, in the same form. SEPARATION OF CONTENT FROM PRESENTATION – CSS facilitates publication of content in multiple presentation formats based on nominal parameters. Nominal parameters include explicit user preferences, different web browsers, the type of device being used to view the content (a desktop computer or mobile Internet device), the geographic location of the user and many other variables. WEB ACCESSIBILITY – Using CSS can also avoid accessibility issues raised by table cells. When creating CSS-based web sites the content flows logically without disruption. Without CSS, web designers must typically lay out their pages with techniques that hinder accessibility for vision-impaired users, like HTML tables.  No more Javascript rollover effects. CSS allows the designer to program a variety of rollover effects (images, text decorations, etc) that are defined within the CSS style sheet. This method allows the Search Engine Spiders to focus more on your website’s content rather than unnecessary Javascript markup. Lastly, CSS helps in reducing the complexity and helps in saving overall presentation time.

DISADVANTANGES OF DESIGNING WITH CSSThough CSS has its strengths, it also has its weaknesses (as this is our major focus in this article). Web professionals that used CSS as their base for layout designing and editing have also cited some limitations/setbacks upon relying heavily on the style sheet language. Here are some of the disadvantages of using pure CSS on web layouts and designs:- One may have to learn a lot so as to finally involve in manipulating CSS codes. Also, with such a web design solution, you may have to spend a lot of time understanding and finding the solutions for cross browser issues. Web design companies may have to be vigilant especially with new browser versions coming out everyday. Therefore, this may require developers to be constantly attentive as the look of a site may disrupt due to incompatibility issues. Collapsing Margins – Margin collapsing is, while well-documented and useful, also complicated and is frequently not expected by authors, and no simple side-effect-free way is available to control it. Absence of Expressions – There is currently no ability to specify property values as simple expressions (such as margin-left: 10% – 3em + 4px;). This is useful in a variety of cases, such as calculating the size of columns subject to a constraint on the sum of all columns. Lack of Variables – CSS contains no variables. This makes it necessary to do a “replace-all” when one desires to change a fundamental constant, such as the color scheme or various heights and widths. Inconsistent Browser Support – Different browsers will render CSS layout differently as a result of browser bugs or lack of support for CSS features. Numerous so-called CSS “hacks” must be implemented to achieve consistent layout among the most popular or commonly used browsers. Pixel precise layouts can sometimes be impossible to achieve across browsers. Vertical Control Limitation – While horizontal placement of elements is generally easy to control, vertical placement is frequently unintuitive, convoluted, or impossible. Simple tasks, such as centering an element vertically or getting a footer to be placed no higher than bottom of viewport, either require complicated and unintuitive style rules, or simple but widely unsupported rules. Control of Element Shapes – CSS currently only offers rectangular shapes. Rounded corners or other shapes may require non-semantic markup. However, this is addressed in the working draft of the CSS3 backgrounds module. Poor Layout Controls for Flexible Layouts – poor control for flexible layouts (i.e creating fluid layouts generally requires hand-coding of CSS and this has held back the development of a standard- based WYSIWYG) While new additions to CSS3 provide a stronger, more robust layout feature-set, CSS is still very much rooted as a styling language, not a layout language. Lack of Column Declaration – While possible in current CSS, layouts with multiple columns can be complex to implement. With the current CSS, the process is often done using floating elements which are often rendered differently by different browsers, different computer screen shapes, and different screen ratios set on standard monitors. No of Multiple Backgrounds per Element – Highly graphical designs require several background images for every element, and CSS can support only one. Therefore, developers have to choose between adding redundant wrappers around document elements, or dropping the visual effect. CSS does not work consistently in different browsers. Microsoft Internet Explorer and Opera support CSS in a pretty logical way. Unfortunately their logic does not conform to current CSS standards

CONLUSION – From this article, we have been able to explain clearly important things you need to know about CSS. Though a number of difficulties, drawbacks, and disadvantages were found through use of “pure” CSS, its usefulness in web design is still clear in other ways. Because of its accessibility, web content for mobiles phones and PDAs became accessible because of CSS. CSS consumes lesser bandwidth. And with CSS, virtually all of the layout information resides in one place: the CSS document. Because the layout information is centralized, these changes can be made quickly and globally by default. From the advantages listed below, we can also see that designing with CSS, saves time and also enhance easier site maintenance. Web developers should use CSS positioning and formatting as much as possibleIf you are interested in having a website for your company,

REFERENCES www.marvelweb.com / AND <a target=”_new” rel=”nofollow” href=”http://WWW.POFT.COM” www.wellesley.edu/Computing/…/CSS www.digitaldreamsng.com

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